Saline and silicone breast implants both have an outer silicone shell. The implants differ in material and consistency. The doctor fills saline into the implants often at the time of surgery. Some criticize implants for feeling hard or unnatural, but improved surgical techniques such as placing the implant behind the chest muscle and slightly overfilling it have lessened these complaints. Saline breast implants are available to women age 18 and older for breast augmentation, or women of any age for breast reconstruction. Pre-filled Silicone implants contain a silicone gel. A thick sticky fluid closely mimics the feel of human fat. Some women feel that silicone breast implants look and feel more like natural breast tissue. Silicone breast implants are available to women age 22 and older for breast augmentation, or women of any age for breast reconstruction. Implants are named based according to what fills them. In other words, fill saline implants with saline and fill silicone implants with liquid silicone gel, which has the consistency of molasses. Regardless of what breast implants filling are, they all have a solid silicone shell. Implantation of solid silicone, or silastic, in millions of people in pacemakers, artificial joints, heart valves, penile implants, and artificial lenses for the eye. Solid silicone is a very different substance than silicone gel, which fills silicone gel implants. It might be helpful to think of breast implants as being similar to balloons. Filling of a balloon with water, helium, or air, but has the same pliable plastic outer layer regardless of what is placed inside. There are currently two main options — silicone breast implants and saline breast implants. Both have their own set of advantages and disadvantages. In general, silicone gel-filled implants are smoother and softer than their saline-filled counterparts are. Silicone implants feel like a semisolid gel, while saline implants are to water balloons. Many women prefer the softer, more natural-feel of silicone implants to saline breast implants, especially those with little breast tissue such as women undergoing breast reconstruction following breast cancer. Silicone-gel implants are also less likely to ripple than saline breast implants. A breast implant can be filled with saline or silicone gel. Both silicone and saline implants have an outer shell made of silicone-rubber material. Breast implants also come in a variety of sizes, shapes and profiles. Another important variable is texture. Implants can be smooth or textured. Gummy bear breast implants are also made of cohesive silicone gel, but the gel has the consistency of a gummy bear, meaning if cut it in half, it will not leak. These implants are only available to women who enroll in a clinical trial. Some surgeons feel that silicone implants have a more natural look and feel than saline implants because silicone gel has a texture that is similar to breast tissue. Saline implants have some advantages over silicone implants. Silicone implant ruptures are harder to detect. If saline implants rupture, the deflation is immediately noticeable. When silicone implants rupture, the breast often looks and feels the same because the silicone gel may leak into surrounding areas of the breast without a visible difference. Replacing a ruptured silicone gel implant is more difficult than repairing a saline implant. Silicone implants also have a higher rate of capsular contracture and a higher deflation rate.

Behavioral Therapies

Behavioral therapies are helpful to addicts in the following ways: by motivating people to participate in drug treatment offer strategies for coping with drug cravings; teaching addicts ways to avoid drugs and prevent relapse; and helping individuals deal with relapse if it occurs. Behavioral therapies can also help people improve communication, relationships and parenting skills, as well as aid family dynamics. Many treatment programs employ both individual and group therapies. Group therapy offers social reinforcement and helps enforce behavioral contingencies that promote abstinence and a lifestyle without drugs. Some physicians employ established behavioral treatments, like contingency management and cognitive behavioral therapy, in group settings to improve efficiency and cost-effectiveness. However, particularly with adolescents with addictions, there is a danger of iatrogenic or inadvertent effects of group treatment. Because behavioral therapies address different aspects of addiction, combinations of treatments and medications may be more effective than either approach alone. Doctors administer treatments for drug abuse and addiction in many different settings through a variety of behavioral and pharmacological approaches.

Medical Device

A medical device is a product used for medical purposes in patients, in diagnosis, therapy or surgery. Medicinal products achieve their principal action by pharmacological, metabolic or immunological, medical devices act by other means like physical, mechanical, physio-chemical or chemical means. Medical devices are a part of medical technology. Medical devices include a wide range of products varying in complexity and application. The Food and Drug Administration recognizes three classes of medical devices based on the level of control necessary to assure the safety and effectiveness of the devices. Class I devices are subject to the least regulatory control. "General Controls" apply to all Class I, II and III devices. General controls include provisions that relate to adulteration; misbranding; device registration and listing; pre-market notification; banned devices; notification, including repair, replacement, or refund; records and reports; restricted devices; and good manufacturing practices. Class I devices are not intended for use in supporting or sustaining life or to be of substantial importance in preventing impairment to human health, and they may not present a potential unreasonable risk of illness or injury. Most Class I devices are exempt from the pre-market notification and/or good manufacturing practices regulation. Class II devices are those for which general controls alone are insufficient to assure safety and effectiveness, and existing rules provide such assurances. In addition to complying with general controls, Class II devices are also subject to special controls. A few Class II devices are exempt from pre-market notification [10]. Special controls may include particular labeling requirements, mandatory performance standards and post-market surveillance. The FDA holds Class II medical devices to a higher level of assurance than Class I devices, as Class II devices must perform as indicated without causing injury or harm to patient or user. Examples of Class II devices include powered wheelchairs, infusion pumps and surgical drapes. A Class III device is one for which insufficient information exists to assure safety and effectiveness solely through the general or special controls sufficient for Class I or Class II devices. Such a device needs pre-market approval, a scientific review to ensure the safety and effectiveness of the device, and is subject to all the general controls of Class I devices. The FDA classifies Class III devices as those that support or sustain human life and are of substantial importance in preventing impairment of human health, or which present a potential, unreasonable risk of illness or injury. Examples of Class III devices (which currently require a pre-market notification) include implantable pacemaker pulse generators and endosseous implants.

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Surgical Cosmetic

Cosmetic surgery enhances one's appearance through surgical and medical techniques by maintaining normal appearance, restoring it or enhancing it beyond the average and towards the aesthetic ideal. Cosmetic surgery reshapes normal structures of the body in order to improve the appearance and self-esteem of the patient. Reconstructive surgery corrects abnormal structures of the body, caused by congenital defects, developmental abnormalities, trauma, infection, tumors or disease. It improves functions, but may also approximate a normal appearance. Minimally invasive cosmetic procedures are non-surgical treatments used to reduce the appearance of facial lines, remove unwanted hair and even out skin pigmentation.